{"id":4655,"date":"2025-05-21T09:47:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T07:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/?p=4655"},"modified":"2025-06-04T09:52:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T07:52:39","slug":"dora-regulations-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/en\/dora-regulations-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Inflation: a passing threat or a new economic paradigm?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row thb_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747669023029{margin-top: 3% !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4675&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747735055426{margin-top: 5% !important;border-top-width: 5% !important;padding-top: 5% !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747665436199{margin-top: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747666414526{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2>\n<\/h2>\n<h2>\n<\/h2>\n<h2>\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"829\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"518\">L\u2019inflation<\/strong>. Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es maintenant et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment depuis la crise Covid, ce mot revient sans cesse tel un leitmotiv dans les conversations au quotidien.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"829\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">\u201cLe prix de tel ou tel bien a encore augment\u00e9, le prix du gaz et de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 a encore augment\u00e9\u2026 Cela va encore affecter notre pouvoir d\u2019achat.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"829\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Ce mot est utilis\u00e9 souvent <strong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"916\">sans comprendre ce qui se cache derri\u00e8re le concept<\/strong> devenu un v\u00e9ritable ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 travers l\u2019histoire, qui outre <strong data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1013\">l\u2019impact \u00e9conomique<\/strong> qui le d\u00e9finit de prime abord, a un <strong data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1072\">impact social r\u00e9el<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1212\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Pour comprendre l\u2019inflation, ses <strong data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1120\">causes<\/strong> et ses <strong data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1144\">cons\u00e9quences<\/strong>, il se doit d\u2019aborder en pr\u00e9ambule quelques notions de d\u00e9finitions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><!-- \/wp:post-content --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h2><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><!-- wp:list --><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row thb_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747213631192{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747664282485{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747756028619{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;]\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1494\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The word <strong data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1237\">inflation<\/strong> comes from the Latin word <em data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1274\">\u201cinflatio\u201d<\/em> meaning <em data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1304\">\u201cswelling\u201d<\/em> and <em data-start=\"1322\" data-end=\"1335\">\u201cinflare\u201d<\/em> meaning <em data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1359\">\u201cto swell\u201d<\/em>, conveying <strong data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1493\">the subtle idea that the extension of a growing magnitude with its environment can cause collateral damage<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1687\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The etymological origin of the word inflation already carries a negative stigma.<\/span><br data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1592\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Inflation defines the <strong data-start=\"1615\" data-end=\"1686\">sustained economic phenomenon of generalized price rises<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1779\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">In addition to inflation, there are other concepts that go hand in hand with this economic theme:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1867\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1798\">deflation<\/strong>: a lasting phenomenon of <strong data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1864\">generalized price declines<\/strong>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"2083\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"1889\">disinflation<\/strong>: the phenomenon of <strong data-start=\"1916\" data-end=\"1941\">falling inflation<\/strong>, or a <strong data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"2007\">slowdown in general price rises<\/strong>, i.e. <strong data-start=\"2023\" data-end=\"2080\">prices continue to rise, but at a slower pace<\/strong>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2086\" data-end=\"2310\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"2086\" data-end=\"2106\">hyperinflation<\/strong>: the phenomenon of <strong data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2230\">extremely high inflation, with unpredictable and \u201cuncontrollable\u201d inflation rates<\/strong> (a situation notably experienced by Germany in 1923 between the two world wars).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2546\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Moreover, famous phases of high or low inflation have often led to the creation of \u201cflation\u201d terms in addition to those already mentioned, such as stagflation, shrinkflation or greedflation:<\/span><br data-start=\"2481\" data-end=\"2484\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"2499\">stagflation<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2501\" data-end=\"2518\">shrinkflation<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2545\">greedflation<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2821\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2622\">So how can this so-called inflation phenomenon occur?  <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Or to put it another way, what are the causes of observed inflation?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2821\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The answers lie in <strong data-start=\"2753\" data-end=\"2795\">understanding economic theories<\/strong>, the principles of which are outlined below.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747756131491{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21px;\"><span style=\"color: #ed7d31;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4704\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/croissance-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/croissance-1.png 64w, https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/croissance-1-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 36px) 100vw, 36px\" \/>  <\/span><span style=\"color: #ed7d31;\">INFLATION by demand  <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em>(Theorized by Keynes in his \u201cGeneral Theory of Employment, Interest and Money\u201d)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2962\" data-end=\"3187\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">If demand <strong data-start=\"2979\" data-end=\"3022\">grows faster than the supply of goods<\/strong> (excess demand over supply, and an inability of the production scale to meet this excess demand), <strong data-start=\"3145\" data-end=\"3168\">prices rise<\/strong> (scarcity effect).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3189\" data-end=\"3214\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">  It can result from :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3217\" data-end=\"3265\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"3223\" data-end=\"3262\">too much money creation<\/strong>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3268\" data-end=\"3310\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"3274\" data-end=\"3307\">population growth<\/strong>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3268\" data-end=\"3310\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">or a <strong data-start=\"3321\" data-end=\"3360\">catch-up effect after a crisis<\/strong> (such as a pandemic)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ed7d31; font-size: 21px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4710\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/configurer.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/configurer.png 64w, https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/configurer-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 36px) 100vw, 36px\" \/>  INFLATION by costs<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3429\" data-end=\"3583\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The rising costs faced by companies are reflected in <strong data-start=\"3518\" data-end=\"3552\">the prices of goods and services<\/strong>, which in turn rise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3585\" data-end=\"3603\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">These may include :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3606\" data-end=\"3689\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">an <strong data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3650\">increase in imported products<\/strong> (known as<strong data-start=\"3663\" data-end=\"3685\">imported inflation<\/strong>),<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3692\" data-end=\"3846\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">or <strong data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3722\">production costs<\/strong> such as <strong data-start=\"3733\" data-end=\"3754\">energy prices<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"3762\" data-end=\"3774\">wages<\/strong> (especially if the latter are rising faster than productivity).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3992\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">This cost inflation can lead to an <strong data-start=\"3901\" data-end=\"3927\">inflationary spiral<\/strong>, as companies raise prices to maintain profits.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3992\"><span style=\"color: #ed7d31; font-size: 21px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/euro-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"37\" height=\"37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/euro-1.png 64w, https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/euro-1-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 37px) 100vw, 37px\" \/>  INFLATION by currency<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4166\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4166\">(Quantitative theory of money from the monetarist movement inspired by Friedman, sketched out by Bodin and developed by Fisher)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4168\" data-end=\"4297\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Proponents of <strong data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4212\">monetarist theory<\/strong> identify a <strong data-start=\"4229\" data-end=\"4296\">relationship between the money supply in circulation and inflation<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4299\" data-end=\"4487\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">In this case, inflation is caused by <strong data-start=\"4337\" data-end=\"4369\">excessive money creation<\/strong>, or more precisely, <strong data-start=\"4394\" data-end=\"4486\">growth in the money supply that is too high in relation to growth in production<\/strong>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4299\" data-end=\"4487\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u201cInflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon\u201d, which has <strong data-start=\"4596\" data-end=\"4663\">no positive long-term impact on growth and employment<\/strong> due to the adaptive expectations of economic agents.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row thb_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747213631192{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747664282485{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747816508193{margin-top: 0% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #44546a;\"><strong data-start=\"4742\" data-end=\"4805\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4846\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"33\" height=\"33\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1.png 64w, https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 33px) 100vw, 33px\" \/>Recent context: Covid, war, <\/strong><strong data-start=\"4742\" data-end=\"4805\">supply chain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"672\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">While economic history has shown and tested theories that can explain inflation through one or other of them, the recent past has revealed that the <strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"517\">three major causes can coexist<\/strong> and contribute simultaneously to generating inflation; but also that a new typology of crisis could imply <strong data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"671\">a paradigm shift<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"893\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">While inflation can arise from an excess of demand over supply of goods, the reverse is true: <strong>a shortage or limitation of supply <\/strong>relative to demand will also generate inflation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"1184\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The Covid crisis and containment policies have <strong>disrupted global production and supply chains<\/strong>, limiting supply in durable goods and manufacturing, reducing supply in the face of global demand and <strong>creating inflation<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1186\" data-end=\"1542\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Similarly, <strong data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1238\">labor shortages<\/strong> mechanically reduced supply. To encourage workers to continue, wage increases had to be granted, which, via the rise in production costs, also <strong>fuelled inflation<\/strong>, as companies were forced to raise prices to preserve their margins. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1872\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">More recently, <strong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1584\">the war in Ukraine<\/strong> has led to an energy supply crisis, causing <strong data-start=\"1645\" data-end=\"1681\">energy prices to rise<\/strong> and thus amplifying inflation, linked to higher costs for businesses and food prices: this is what we call <strong data-start=\"1847\" data-end=\"1871\">imported inflation<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #44546a;\"><strong data-start=\"4742\" data-end=\"4805\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4846\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"33\" height=\"33\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1.png 64w, https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/fleche-droite-1-20x20.png 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 33px) 100vw, 33px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #44546a; font-size: 28px;\"><strong data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"268\">Economic impact of inflation and levers for action<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"1083\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Generally speaking, there is a consensus that <strong data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"549\">inflation is detrimental to<\/strong> household <strong data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"549\">purchasing power<\/strong> and an economy&#8217;s growth potential. Indeed, if wages fail to keep pace with price rises, i.e., prices rise faster than wages, this mechanically reduces the quantity of goods and services a household can buy. Also, in the face of inflation in the domestic economy, competition from imported products (foreign trade), which become more attractive than local exported products whose value increases, <strong>penalizes an economy&#8217;s competitiveness<\/strong>.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1330\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Similarly, as inflation reduces household purchasing power, it simultaneously penalizes <strong data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1189\">savings<\/strong>, leading to a drop in economic activity, a reduction in investment and, consequently, economic growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1482\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1374\">Understanding the origins and consequences<\/strong> of inflation enables us to combat it effectively, and to implement <strong data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1467\">appropriate responses<\/strong> in each case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1484\" data-end=\"1945\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">One of the historical answers lies in the intervention of financial bodies such as <strong data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1592\">central banks<\/strong> (ECB, Fed), to influence the money supply by adjusting <strong data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1691\">key interest rates<\/strong>. Indeed, an increase in interest rates (\u201cprice of money\u201d) can limit the circulation of money and thus control inflation; but it can also influence inflation via demand, by reducing investment while stimulating savings. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"2104\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Increasing companies&#8217; production capacity will also enable them to<strong>adjust the imbalance between supply and demand, and thus curb inflation<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2384\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The diversity of economic crises shows that the <strong data-start=\"2157\" data-end=\"2177\">levers for action<\/strong> <strong>vary<\/strong> depending on whether inflation is caused by excess demand or insufficient supply. The multiplicity of economic factors acting simultaneously makes this task particularly complex. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2583\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">While inflation is not a recent concept, <strong data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2484\">inflation-indexed financial instruments<\/strong> are part of a more modern market dynamic, having only appeared in the <strong data-start=\"2557\" data-end=\"2582\">early 2000s<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row thb_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747813546154{margin-top: 5% !important;margin-bottom: 2% !important;border-top-width: 5% !important;border-bottom-width: 2% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 2% !important;background-color: #f4f4f4 !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;border-top-color: #ed7d31 !important;border-bottom-color: #ed7d31 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747208435483{margin-bottom: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747748457112{margin-top: 2% !important;margin-bottom: 0% !important;border-top-width: 2% !important;border-bottom-width: 0% !important;padding-bottom: 1% !important;}&#8221;]\n<h3>Sources :<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/point.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\">  Inflation, a paradigm shift: what causes it and how to control it?<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/point.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"> What exactly is inflation &#8211; And what are its causes (Bastien Drut Published on 03\/02\/2024)<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/point.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"> The inflation crisis shows that it is supply, not demand, that restricts economic capacity, and that the state cannot borrow indefinitely (John H. Cochrane)<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/point.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"> What is inflation?<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/point.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"> Inflation Derivatives Explained &#8211; Markets, Products, and Pricing (Jeroen Kerkhof &#8211; Fixed Income Quantitative Research &#8211; Lehman Brothers)<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row thb_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747669023029{margin-top: 3% !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;4675&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747735055426{margin-top: 5% !important;border-top-width: 5% !important;padding-top: 5% !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747665436199{margin-top: 0% !important;border-top-width: 0% !important;padding-top: 0% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747666414526{margin-top:&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hyperinflation-allemagne-1923-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Tidia YETTOU","author_link":"https:\/\/www.commandstrategy.com\/en\/author\/cmds\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Inflation: a passing threat or a new economic paradigm? 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